Thoughts on Hitler’s Demise

I’m a big fan of Quentin Tarantino films, as is probably apparent to regular readers of this blog.  I am especially fond of his most recent effort, Inglourious Basterds (see my October 29, 2009 post for a full review), which excels in nearly all cinematic categories.  Some have been critical of the film because of its deliberate (and extreme) distortion of history.  In case you haven’t seen the film—spoiler alert!—the story concerns two fictional plots to assassinate Hitler and his fellow Third Reich imps.  Unlike the actual Stauffenberg assassination attempt that merely injured the Fuhrer, Tarantino’s film brings Hitler to an extremely violent end.  Part of the incentive to concoct such a story, presumably, would be to give viewers the satisfaction of watching Hitler get what he deserved—indeed, the fate that many of us would like to see all genocidal maniacs meet.  I think Tarantino has indicated as much in some interviews about the film.

While reading excerpts from Ian Kershaw’s recent Hitler biography, I’ve been reflecting a bit on the historical facts and have concluded that Tarantino’s invented story of Hitler’s demise is really less satisfying (in the sense of being pleased by the wicked getting their just deserts) than what actually took place.   On the afternoon of April 30, 1945, Hitler, Eva Braun, and assorted Nazi officers were holed up in a bunker at the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, as the Red Army closed in.  The Fuhrer had heard that Mussolini had been captured and killed (though he probably was not aware of the gory details), and he wished to avoid such a fate, as well as the ignominious prospect of his body being permanently displayed by the Soviets as a trophy of their triumph.  So Hitler’s plan was to commit suicide and have his body cremated.  Specifically, he would take a pill of prussic acid.  However, being doubtful about the effectiveness of the poison, he instructed one of his officers to test it on his dog, an Alsatian named Blondi.  The dog died almost immediately upon ingesting the poison—which apparently prompted no emotional response from Hitler, despite the fact that he showed more love to the animal than any human in his life, including his long-time lover Eva Braun.

So when it was clear the Soviet army was only a few hundred meters away and could storm the Chancellery at any minute.  Hitler and Eva Braun executed their plan…and themselves.

Why is this true story more fitting than that envisioned by Tarantino, or, for that matter, any of our own dreams of, say, a live Hitler capture, trial, and execution?  For one thing, there is the powerful symbolism of the self-destructiveness of evil.  The pursuit of absolute power is self-defeating, and those who live by the murderous sword often fall upon it.  Hitler, of course, is only one of the more recent examples of this fundamental truth about the human condition.  History has seen myriad despots destroy themselves, whether directly by their own hand or as an indirect consequence of their wicked actions.

One must also consider the emotional dimension of the story.  What despair must Hitler have experienced in those final days and, especially, his last hours.  Perhaps during that time he came to some sober reflections on the true moral horror of what he had done.  Perhaps not.  But the despair he felt surely gave him at least a taste of what so many millions of innocent Jews and other victims of the Nazi scourge felt as they awaited their fate in concentration camps—a sense of hopelessness and the most sickening sorrow.

Of course, in the end, there really is no completely just recompense for the wicked on this earth.  As Scripture tells us, we must wait for Judgment Day for that (cf. Eccl. 12:14; 2 Cor. 5:10).  But human history, and particular narratives, may nonetheless be more or less pleasing from the standpoint of justice.  Some point better than others to deep moral, spiritual, and human truths.  And it seems to me that, in these respects, however much we may want to indulge our own fantasies about Hitler’s fate, we can’t improve on the tale as told by God.

Tax Rates, Breasts, and Internet-induced Brain Damage

The Obama administration plans to allow the Bush tax cuts to expire this year.  I have been dismayed by this for many reasons, not the least of which being the fact that this will reintroduce the “marriage penalty”’—married couples will pay more taxes than unmarried couples who live together.  But if one respected economist is correct, the consequences of rolling back the tax cuts will be much more dire.  Arthur Laffer has sparked a lot of debate with his recent Wall Street Journal piece predicting an economic collapse if the Bush tax cuts are allowed to expire.

It is hardly news that in American culture women’s breasts are widely regarded primarily as sex organs.  But apparently now this perspective is so ingrained that even a writer for a mother’s magazine finds the idea of breast-feeding “creepy.”  Check out this disturbing article in the Telegraph, where Rowan Pelling writes, “Modern women have been told so frequently that their breasts are man-magnets that many find it impossible to believe they have any other biological function.”

And, now that you’ve been surfing a bit to a few websites, you might want to know about Nicholas Carr’s new book, The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to our Brains.  How is the Internet affecting us cerebrally?  Not well, evidently.  In addition to this review, check out the short video at the end of the page, in which Carr summarizes his book.

A Flaw in the Game of Soccer

What a thrill it was to watch the United States soccer team pull out a win yesterday in the final minutes of their match against Algeria.  Now it’s on to the field of sixteen and a chance at destiny.  However, the team’s success in the World Cup thus far has not been without controversy.  In their game against Slovenia last week, they were robbed of a victory by a referee who inexplicably disallowed what should have been the team’s third goal.  And in yesterday’s game the U.S. team was ripped off again through a phantom off-sides call.

For a long time I’ve been critical of the game of soccer, at least as regards how its design and rules make scoring so difficult.  Now, to be clear, I do not favor higher scores in soccer just for the sake of fan satisfaction.  Rather, the problem is that where there is so little scoring this amplifies the effect of bad officiating.  One blown call can easily decide an outcome of a close soccer match, as we saw last week and as would have happened again yesterday were it not for Landon Donavan’s winning goal in the 91st minute.

Of course, in all sports a game can turn on a bad call by an official.  And even historic accomplishments can be nullified, as was Armando Galaragga’s perfect game three weeks ago.  But the point is that soccer rules and design make this far too common, much more so than in any other sport.

The saddest thing of all is that the problem could be easily solved with a simple rule change (e.g. legalize off-sides) or design change (e.g., slightly increase the goal size).  But, alas, I don’t expect we’ll ever see such adjustments made, even though it would dramatically improve the sport.  Not only would it make the game more interesting for viewers but it would make the game, well, more just.  Sporting events should be decided by the players’ performances, not officials’ misjudgments.  And until the game of soccer is somehow altered to correct for the frequency of the latter, it will remain a significantly flawed game.

A Congressman’s Assault

Like most folks, I was appalled at the recent assault of a student by Congressman Bob Etheridge (D-NC).  Granted, the student accosted him without warning and asked a direct question (“Do you fully support the Obama agenda?”) without prompting.  But to physically attack the young man in that way was simply unconscionable.  Why would Etheridge react with such hostility?  And why would he refuse to answer such a simple question?

So does Etheridge support the Obama agenda?  If nothing else, it appears that he is emulating the President regarding finding an “ass to kick”.  Pretty sad.

Hodgepodge #3

From the department of the Hard To Believe:  It was shocking enough that Helen Thomas, a living journalistic institution, would make such blatant anti-semitic remarks (which precipitated her recent retirement).  But even more astounding the fact that some media folks refuse to admit her comments really were anti-semitic.  Check out Rosie O’Donnell’s rationalizations on The View.

Phil Jackson, coach of the Los Angeles Lakers, has won ten NBA championships. (And I expect he will win his eleventh in the next week.)  Yet he is rarely touted among sports journalists as the best NBA coach of all-time.  Routinely commentators diminish his accomplishments by reminding us that he has had the good fortune of coaching superstars like Michael Jordan, Shaquille O’Neal and Kobe Bryant.  Well, what coach who has led teams to multiple championships has nothad the benefit of coaching superstars?  I’m neither a Lakers fan nor a Bulls fan.  But what Jackson has accomplished in winning ten titles, to my mind, clinches his status as the greatest NBA coach in history and as one of the top two or three coaches in the history of all professional sports.

Finally, I’ve recently discovered the music of Josh Ritter, a genuinely literary songwriter in the folk tradition but whose musical forays have led him in a variety of directions. Lyrically, it just doesn’t get any better than this.  Check out his website and sample some of his stuff.

A Former Atheist’s Near Death Experience

I’ve become increasingly interested in near death experiences, and the ones that interest me most are those involving atheists.  Here is one of the more well-known accounts by a former atheist, Howard Storm, who was an art professor at Northern Kentucky University when he had his experience in 1985 while awaiting surgery for an intestinal problem.  As he lost consciousness, Storm reports that he exited his body and had a distressing, hellish encounter with malevolent beings, who essentially tortured him.  In his agony and desperation, despite his atheism, he called out to Jesus to save him.  According to Storm, Jesus did just this, rescuing him from the tormenting beings and eventually introducing him to some other spiritual beings (angels?), who guided him through an intense life review and with whom Storm says he had a lengthy conversation.  The whole experience was recorded by Storm and published in his subsequent book, My Descent into Death.

After his NDE, Storm was a changed man.  Prior to the experience, he was a confirmed atheist, but afterward he could not stop talking about God and the Bible.  Storm eventually resigned from his teaching position and attended seminary to become a Christian minister.  Today he pastors a church in Ohio and does a lot of painting.  You can check out his website here.

Kipling’s “If”

The speaker at Taylor University’s commencement this past weekend closed her remarks by reading the Rudyard Kipling poem “If.”  A colleague of mine  (a professor of biblical studies) who was seated near me not only had memorized the poem himself but required both of his sons to commit it to memory “before they could get the keys to the car.”  Having three sons of my own, and especially given the profundity of the poem, this struck me as a pretty good idea.   Take a/another look at this classic, which is chock-full of wisdom:

If

If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you
But make allowance for their doubting too,
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream–and not make dreams your master,
If you can think–and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build ‘em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it all on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breath a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: “Hold on!”

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings–nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all men count with you, but none too much,
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And–which is more–you’ll be a Man, my son!

–Rudyard Kipling

Evidence for an Innate Moral Sense?

In the book of Romans the Apostle Paul writes, “when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law, they are a law for themselves, even though they do not have the law, since they show that the requirements of the law are written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts now accusing, now even defending them” (Rom. 2:14-15, NIV, emphasis mine).

This is one of the key biblical passages supporting the idea that human beings have an innate moral sense, that is, an inborn sense of the difference between right and wrong.  This is, of course, a controversial idea, but recent studies might actually provide empirical evidence for the doctrine.  See this report regarding some fascinating research conducted by Yale University Psychologist Paul Bloom, and draw your own conclusions.

Theism, Atheism, and the Significance of our Lives

One of the traditional complaints about atheism is that it offers no grounds for believing that life is meaningful in any significant sense.  Many old school atheists seemed to acknowledge this point.  For example, Bertrand Russell grants that the eventual desolation guaranteed by naturalism is grounds for “unyielding despair,” and atheistic existentialists like Sartre and Camus recognized that without God life appears “absurd.”  The new atheists are much more optimistic, insisting that life can be quite meaningful in the absence of God.

This makes me wonder whether life can really be as significant on an atheistic worldview as it is given the truth of theism and its correlative doctrine of an afterlife.  Suppose we conceive of the overall significance of an action as relative to its total impact on what follows after, in terms of causal influence and consequences.  Thus, for example, historians often refer to particular events, such as the assassination of Lincoln or the Treaty of Versailles as especially significant because of their impact on subsequent history.  That seems reasonable enough.  Now suppose we consider the significance of any individual human life along these lines as well, such that we recognize, say, that Martin Luther King’s life was especially significant because of all of the lives he impacted and continues to impact to this day.

Now with this understanding of life “significance” in hand, let’s compare the atheistic and theistic perspectives.  Given atheism (or to be more precise, “naturalism”), all life on Earth will eventually perish, say 10,000 years from now, and whatever impact our lives have had will cease.  I won’t say that the lives we led lose all significance as a consequence, but the significance of our lives will certainly be finite.  However, given theism and the perpetual afterlife promised on this worldview, there is literally no end to the impact of our lives, for not only may earthly deeds continue to influence others forever but our on-going choices and actions in the afterlife (Heaven and/or the New Earth, given Christian theism) will be endless as well.  Since there will be no end to our lives (at least for those who wind up in Heaven), there will be no limit to the significance of our lives or even individual actions, the effects of which may be felt and acknowledged for all eternity.

So, as we compare atheism and theism on this point, it turns out that the two worldviews could not contrast more sharply when it comes to providing grounds for the significance of human life.  Given atheism, however long earthly history proceeds, in the end it will be finite and so will the significance of our lives.  Given theism, on the other hand, the significance of our lives has no upper limit but approaches infinity.  In other words, if theism is true, then the significance of our lives is immeasurably great, while in comparison, without God the significance of our lives is infinitesimally small.  (I want to emphasize the comparative nature of my point here, for only relative to such a comparison could any degree of life significance be considered “infinitesimal.”)

So what does this mean?  Is this evidence for the truth of theism?  Not at all.  On the contrary, there are no implications here with regard to which of these two worldviews is actually true.  But what it does imply is that atheists who maintain that their lives can be just as significant (given the truth of their worldview) as those of theists (given the truth of theirs) are quite mistaken.  In fact, the difference is infinitely great.

Why Illegal Drug Use is Immoral

From time to time I am approached by students who have sincere questions about why illegal drug use is wrong.  They come to me, I suppose, because I sometimes mention in class that in my pre-Christian days (now over thirty years ago!) I used drugs myself.  Here is a student’s email I recently received which is fairly representative:

I used to use drugs, mainly just marijuana, and sometimes I feel the urge to go back to that.  When I became a Christian a couple of years ago, I didn’t have the urge to smoke anymore and just recently I’ve been trying to figure out where I stand on the matter….  I find that it’s not a black-and-white issue and even when I was smoking, I would think to myself “What’s the big deal?” or “How would this keep me from following Jesus?”  I know the Bible has a lot to say about intoxication but that seems to be when other debauchery, sexual immorality, etc. are involved and how drunkenness/intoxication leads to those other things that separate us from God.  I’m wondering if I’m missing the big picture when it comes to intoxication and following Jesus.

Indeed, what is the big deal?  Well, the biggest part of the big deal is that “following Jesus” essentially means living according to Christian moral standards.  As Jesus tells us, to love him is to obey him (John 14:15, 21).  So to knowingly disobey God but to claim to “follow” Jesus is simply incoherent.

But perhaps this student is really wondering whether there is anything morally problematic with smoking pot or doing other illegal drugs.  And this, I have discovered, is really the crux of the concern of most other students who ask me about the issue.  Over the years I have developed a multi-pronged response, which I will now very briefly summarize:

  1. The biblical mandate to obey governing authorities – Scripture makes clear that we must obey the law (Rom. 13:1-2 and 1 Pet. 2:13-14), given that those laws do not compel us to sin.  Smoking pot or using other illegal drugs is a clear violation of this biblical standard.
  2. The biblical mandate to care for one’s body – The apostle Paul tells us that the body is the “temple of the Holy Spirit” (1 Cor. 6:19).  This, combined with the more basic fact that one’s body is a gift from God, implies that we have a responsibility to take care of our bodies and not cause them unnecessary harm, which, of course, is a common consequence of illegal drug use.
  3. The argument from lawlessness – Piggybacking on the first argument above, the point here is that habitual lawbreaking deadens moral conscience.  Consistent flouting of civil laws, however “trivial” or “unfair” they might seem, nurtures a rebellious spirit and insensitivity to the demands of God-ordained authority generally.
  4. The argument from bad company – Since illegal drug use necessarily involves one in crime and, at least indirect, association with hard core criminals (those who deal the drugs), this risks inadvertent involvement with other illegal activities and character corruption.
  5. The argument from moral complicity– The drug trade is, of course, ultimately connected to the dark world of narco-terrorism, where theft, assault, sexual violence, murder, and all kinds of attacks on innocent human lives are commonplace.  To financially support this underworld constitutes complicity with all of the evils it perpetrates.  And, of course, to be complicit with evil is itself a form of evil.

These are my “top five” moral arguments against illegal drug use.  To these I would add a couple of further observations, which may be used as supplemental arguments.  One I call the “problem of sloth.”  Illegal drug users tend to be slackers in their work and life commitments.  I’ve never known a regular marijuana smoker who didn’t display irresponsibility of various kinds.  Dope smoking diminishes industry and ambition, making one less productive than one could or should be.  Finally, one could make an “argument from narcissism.”  Drug use encourages self-absorption, and not just because it is all about giving oneself pleasure but also because it is necessarily secretive in nature.  This encourages moral implosion and is yet another reason why illegal drug use is not the sort of activity in which a morally serious person will be involved.